Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. The Pivotal Generation: "You Are Here" -- Illusions of Separation -- The Context That Makes Us Pivotal -- Arbitrary Demands? -- Unique Historical Period, Incomparable Moral Responsibility -- Heavier Burdens -- Unlimited Threats -- Tipping Points -- Conclusion -- 2. The Presence of the Past -- Owning Our National Past -- Disowning Our National Past -- The Pure Fairness Argument -- The Wrongful Imposition Arguments -- Conclusion -- 3. Engagement across Distance and Engagement across Time -- The Phenomenology of Agency -- The Danger of Transition -- Contemporary "Strangers" and the Affordability of Alternative Energy -- Future "Strangers" and Tipping Points -- The Date-of-Last-Opportunity to Prevent Disaster -- Further Reasons? Past Sacrifice, Hope, and Continuity -- Conclusion -- 4. Are There Second Chances on Climate Change? -- Fix It Later? -- Contrasting Purposes of CO2 Removal -- Scaling Up in Time? -- Bequeathing Risks -- The Reversible and the Irreversible -- 5. Taking Control of Our Legacy -- Powerful Enemies, Allied Masses -- Planning the "Final Harvest": Deceptive Delay -- Enabling the "Final Harvest": Banks' BAU -- Preventing the "Final Harvest": The Active Many vs. the Ruthless Few -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix on Inequality -- Notes -- Index.

Some of our most fundamental moral rules are violated by the practices of torture and war. This collection of Shue's work on the matter explores two possible exceptions to the prohibition on all but defensive wars, humanitarian military intervention and preventive war to eliminate weapons of mass destruction, are evaluated here; and one possible exception to the principle of discrimination, Michael Walzer's 'supreme emergency', is sharply criticized. Two other fundamental issues about the rules for the conduct of war receive extensive controversial treatment.

The fruit of twenty years of moral reflection on the emerging greatest challenge to humanity of the 21st century, these far-sighted and influential essays by a pioneering practical philosopher on the tangled questions of justice between nations and justice across generations confronting all attempts at international cooperation in controlling climate change sharply crystallize the central choices and offer constructive directions forward. Arguing that persistentattempts by U.S. negotiators to avoid the fundamental issues of justice at the heart of persistent international disagreement on the terms of a binding multilateral treaty are as morally misguided as they are diplomatically counter-productive, Henry Shue has built a case that efforts to price carbon(through cap-and-trade or carbon taxes) as a mechanism to drive down greenhouse gas emissions by the affluent must, for both ethical and political reasons, be complemented by international transfers that temporarily subsidize the development of non-carbon energy and its dissemination to those trapped in poverty. Our vital escape from climate change rooted in the dominance of the fossil fuel regime ought not, and in fact need not, come at the price of de-railing the escape of the world's poorestfrom poverty rooted in lack of affordable energy that does not undermine the climate. The momentum of changes in the planetary climate system and the political inertia of energy regimes mean that future generations, like the poorest of the present, are vulnerable to our decisions, and they haverights not to be left helpless by those of us with the power instead to leave them hope.

The fruit of twenty years of moral reflection on the emerging greatest challenge to humanity of the 21st century, these far-sighted and influential essays by a pioneering practical philosopher on the tangled questions of justice between nations and justice across generations confronting all attempts at international cooperation in controlling climate change sharply crystallize the central choices and offer constructive directions forward. Arguing that persistent attempts by U.S._x000D_ negotiators to avoid the fundamental issues of justice at the heart of persistent international disagreement on the terms of a binding multilateral treaty are as morally misguided as they are diplomatically counter-productive, Henry Shue has built a case that efforts to price carbon (through_x000D_ cap-and-trade or carbon taxes) as a mechanism to drive down greenhouse gas emissions by the affluent must, for both ethical and political reasons, be complemented by international transfers that temporarily subsidize the development of non-carbon energy and its dissemination to those trapped in poverty. Our vital escape from climate change rooted in the dominance of the fossil fuel regime ought not, and in fact need not, come at the price of de-railing the escape of the world's poorest from_x000D_ poverty rooted in lack of affordable energy that does not undermine the climate. The momentum of changes in the planetary climate system and the political inertia of energy regimes mean that future generations, like the poorest of the present, are vulnerable to our decisions, and they have rights not_x000D_ to be left helpless by those of us with the power instead to leave them hope.

This important collection of essays brings together the work of prominent philosophers, political scientists, policy analysts, and defence consultants. It takes as its point of departure two central tendencies in current nuclear strategy: mutual assured destruction (MAD) and nuclear utilization target selections (NUTS). The essays examine and assess the arguments for these and other positions on the spectrum of policy options, and elaborate the implications of this analysis for strategic policy and for the further pursuit of research into SDI, and other matters

The distinction between subsistence emissions and luxury emissions was originally devised in 1992 to guard people so poor as to be able to afford only fossil fuels from being priced out of energy by market mechanisms like cap-and-trade that were proposed to assist with limiting climate change. Non-carbon energy can now be made as affordable and accessible as fossil fuel, but tensions remain between measures to support sustainable development and measures to control climate change. Consequently, the distinction between subsistence energy and luxury energy continues to be surprisingly relevant to current international political struggles. The most fully justified method for normative assessment of Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement, the Climate Equity Reference Framework, presupposes the distinction. Normative evaluation of the choice between maximally ambitious ratcheting-up of Nationally Determined Contributions in the immediate future and lazy reliance upon hoped-for carbon dioxide removal in future decades depends on it.